Federal University Wukari, General Studies Journal
FUWGESTJ is a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal published quarterly by the General Studies Directorate of the Federal University Wukari. The journal welcomes original scholarly contributions across a wide range of fields, including pure and applied sciences, medical sciences, engineering, technology, agriculture, humanities, arts, social sciences, education, environmental sciences, gender studies, vocational education, life sciences, management, and information and communication technology. Special attention is devoted to the English language—both in its everyday use and as a second language for academic study in Nigerian institutions of higher learning. The journal also emphasizes the development of effective communication skills and the continuous enhancement of linguistic competence. In recognition of the demands of global communication, the journal supports curricular efforts that keep students and readers informed about contemporary issues. This includes the introduction of Environment and Sustainable Development as a course designed to align learning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and Peace and Conflict Resolution, which equips students with practical and theoretical tools for fostering harmony in a multi-ethnic society like Nigeria. Through its publications, FUWGESTJ seeks to achieve the following objectives for students and the wider academic community: Cultivating graduates with sound, critical, and analytical minds. Developing individual capacities to understand, appreciate, and promote peaceful coexistence in Nigeria. Equipping individuals with essential tools for communication, critical thinking, and intellectual engagement. Providing a broad-based interdisciplinary education that transcends the limits of single-discipline perspectives. Promoting sustained, wide-ranging learning and scholarly growth. Helping individuals understand and preserve Nigeria’s cultural heritage, as well as African traditions more broadly. Clarifying the distinction between patriotism and ethnicity, and sensitizing individuals to reject ethnic bias when national unity is at stake. Encouraging the integration of technological, scientific, and humanistic perspectives in personal and professional life. Strengthening national awareness, loyalty, understanding, and the spirit of patriotism among readers.
General Studies Division, Federal University Wukari
A Holistic Approach to Language Skills Acquisition: The Case of French as a Foreign Language Teaching and Learning in Nigeria
Most students of French in Nigeria can hardly read or write in the language even after graduation. This is due to lack of adequate instructional materials and poor teaching methodology. Some teachers of French don't teach these skills at all and those who attempt to teach them, lack the methods and techniques; therefore making teaching and learning very boring for the students. The focus of teaching is usually on listening and speaking to the detriment of the other two important skills - reading and writing. To overcome this deficiency and make the French language class effective and interesting, the teacher can adopt the whole language approach. This study examines the application of a holistic approach to language skills acquisition in French as a Foreign Language (FFL) teaching and learning in Nigeria. Despite the importance of French in Nigeria, FFL teaching and learning in the country faces numerous challenges, including inadequate instructional materials, insufficient teachers training, and a lack of emphasis on holistic language skills acquisition. The study aims to address these challenges by exploring the potential of a holistic approach to language skills acquisition in FFL teaching and learning in Nigeria using secondary data. The findings reveal that a holistic approach to language skills acquisition can improve FFL learners’ proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. It can also arouse their interest and motivate them to learn. The study recommends the adoption of a holistic approach to language skills acquisition.
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Negotiating Identity through Music: Code-switching between English/Nigerian English and Indigenous Languages
This study investigates the phenomenon of code-switching in Nigerian music, focusing on the interplay between English/Nigerian Pidgin, to indigenous languages – specifically Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa and Eggon. There are a number of articles on code-switching from English to the majority languages particularly Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa. But there are few works on code-switching in the minority languages and none in Eggon to the knowledge of the researchers. These and more prompt the current study in other to fill the existing gaps. Drawing from some selected songs, the research explores the sociolinguistic, cultural and communicative functions of code-switching in musical context. The study also explains the types of code-switching in the languages under study and their similarities and differences. The researchers analyse the data using Markedness model, Interactional sociolinguistics, and description in order to explain code-switching as used in the data sourced from five songs’ official recording and online lyric data base. The analysis reveals that musicians deploy multilingual resources not only for stylistic and aesthetic purposes but also as a means of negotiating identity and reaching diverse audiences. The findings highlight music as a dynamic site of language contact, where global and local identities intersect and where minority languages gain visibility alongside dominant national and international languages. This research shows that code-switching in music illuminates unique linguistic strategy in performance art, enriches understanding of language contact and creates multiple identity construction. It also serves as a means of preservation of indigenous languages including minority varieties like Eggon.
ASSESSING THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN SUSTAINABLE SOURCING FOR RESTAURANTS IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA.
This study assesses the challenges and opportunities of sustainable sourcing in the restaurant sector, using Critical Discourse Analysis of scholarly literature and primary survey data from restaurants in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Sustainable sourcing encompassing local, organic, fair-trade and ethically produced ingredients offers environmental, reputational, and operational benefits, yet adoption remains uneven. Findings identify recurrent barriers: higher procurement costs, limited and unreliable supplier networks, seasonal and logistical supply disruptions, weak verification and certification mechanisms, consumer price sensitivity, and managerial resistance due to perceived operational complexity. Simultaneously, respondents and literature highlight key opportunities: enhanced brand differentiation, potential long-term cost savings (via reduced transport and waste), regulatory alignment, improved employee engagement, and culinary innovation through seasonal and plant-based offerings. Survey results (n=71) indicate strong recognition of drivers and barriers (80% agreement), broad support for sourcing strategies such as local and organic procurement (83% agreement), but more divided views on economic impacts and consumer willingness to pay premiums (70% agreement). Building on these insights, the paper recommends phased adoption of sustainable inputs, targeted consumer education and transparent menu narratives, cooperative purchasing models for SMEs, context-sensitive certification frameworks, and policy/NGO support to bridge capacity gaps. The study also calls for more inclusive academic inquiry that centers small operators and frontline supply-chain actors. Overall, sustainable sourcing emerges as a viable but contextually contingent pathway for restaurants requiring coordinated policy, industry collaboration, and adaptive business models to reconcile ethical aims with financial sustainability.
EFFECTS OF PUBLIC PERCEPTION ON HOTEL ORGANISATION IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS
This mixed-methods study examines public perception of hotels in Bauchi Metropolis and its influence on reputation and patronage. Using structured questionnaires (n = 105) 40 hotel guests, 65 local residents) and in-depth interviews with hotel managers, staff, and community stakeholders, the research combined descriptive statistics and thematic analysis to capture both numerical trends and contextual insights. Findings show a moderately positive overall perception: respondents rated service quality (mean = 3.05, SD = 1.12) and cleanliness (mean = 3.15, SD = 1.05) as adequate, while pricing was perceived as unfair (mean = 2.65, SD = 1.15). Location and accessibility emerged as the strongest determinants of choice (mean = 3.70, SD = 0.98), followed by customer service and online reviews. Importantly, negative online feedback strongly discouraged patronage (mean = 3.85, SD = 1.02), and reputation correlated with willingness to recommend (mean = 3.82, SD = 0.94). Thematic interview results reinforced the quantitative patterns, highlighting inconsistent service delivery, variable security measures, and pricing–value gaps as drivers of negative perception. The study recommends continuous staff training, enhanced cleanliness and security protocols, transparent and competitive pricing, and active digital reputation management. These measures can strengthen guest satisfaction, increase repeat patronage, and improve the competitive positioning of hotels in Bauchi and comparable urban settings.
A Review of Insect Pests of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Nigeria
Cocoa production in Nigeria has experienced a significant decline in recent decades, primarily due to a combination of biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these, insect pests stand out as a major contributing factor to substantial yield and quality losses. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge regarding the diversity, biology, economic impact, and effective control strategies for key insect pests affecting cocoa in Nigeria. The primary pests identified include cocoa mirids (Sahlbergella singularis and Distantiella theobroma), cocoa pod borer (Characoma stictigrapta), termites, mealy bugs, stem borers, and various secondary pests. The review strongly advocates for the implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies that judiciously combine cultural, biological, and chemical control methods. Furthermore, it highlights critical research gaps and proposes future directions for sustainable pest management, ultimately aiming to bolster cocoa productivity and enhance farmer livelihoods in Nigeria.
Reforming Nigeria’s Polytechnics into Universities of Technology: A Critical Analysis of Accreditation, Funding, and Institutional Realignment
As Nigeria takes on the ambitious task of converting selected polytechnics into technology universities, a deeper set of institutional, academic, and political realignments has emerged. This study identifies five systemic barriers to Nigeria's polytechnic-university conversion, revealing how accreditation demands and funding gaps undermine vocational education identity while proposing phased transition strategies. Based on policy documents, academic literature, and global case comparisons, the study reveals how regulatory expectations, limited financial capacity, and fragmented governance systems complicate institutional preparation. It believes that while this transition presents significant opportunities for enhancing technical education, it also reveals systemic weaknesses, particularly in research culture, staffing, and curriculum coherence. This paper, which draws on institutional and resource dependency theories, offers a conceptual framework for understanding these dynamics and provides strategic policy and practice recommendations. The conclusions highlight that sustainable reform requires more than a formal reclassification; it requires a strategic, phased, and appropriate approach that balances heritage strengths with new university standards.
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)
COMMUNITY POLICING AND CRIME REDUCTION STRATEGIES: A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
This study evaluates the effectiveness of community policing as a crime reduction strategy in selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Southwest Nigeria, highlighting its structures, outcomes, challenges, and stakeholder perceptions. A mixed-methods design was adopted, combining a survey of 400 respondents with 20 key informant interviews drawn from police officers, vigilante members, community leaders, and residents. A structured 4-point Likert scale questionnaire captured perceptions of crime trends, collaboration, and implementation challenges, while interviews provided deeper contextual insights. Descriptive statistics, regression, and ANOVA were conducted using SPSS v.26, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The results show that community policing has modestly improved neighborhood security and strengthened collaboration between police and residents, with vigilante-police partnerships identified as particularly effective. Regression analysis confirmed that collaboration, intelligence sharing, and funding adequacy are significant predictors of crime reduction, while corruption and mistrust exerted negative effects. ANOVA results revealed significant perception gaps, with police and vigilantes rating community policing more positively than residents, reflecting persistent challenges of trust and legitimacy. The study recommends increased funding, regular training, and logistical support for community policing structures; mechanisms for accountability and transparency to reduce corruption; improved coordination between the Nigeria Police Force, Amotekun, and vigilante groups; and integration of community policing with youth empowerment and social development programs to tackle root causes of crime.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
This study presents an Economic Development Policy Framework for Sustainable Education in Nigeria, aimed at addressing the persistent misalignment between the country’s education system and labor market demands, which contributes to high youth unemployment, skills mismatches, and stalled economic growth. Drawing on mixed-methods research involving 1,189 respondents (educators, students, employers, policymakers, and administrators) from public and private institutions across Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones, the research combines quantitative survey data, logistic regression modeling, and qualitative thematic analysis of stakeholder interviews. Key quantitative findings reveal significant deficits in educational infrastructure, with only 12.5% of respondents rating facilities as “excellent” and over 62% linking poor infrastructure directly to elevated dropout rates and reduced student performance. While 67.3% of participants had received some form of vocational training and 64.8% found it at least somewhat relevant to their career aspirations, employability outcomes remain weak: 42.1% of vocational trainees were still unemployed, and only 18.5% secured employment within three months of completion. A logistic regression model (overall accuracy 51%) identified educators and participants from certain regions (South West, North East, North West) as more likely to perceive vocational programs as effective, whereas employers, human resource managers, and respondents experiencing poor infrastructure exhibited significantly more negative perceptions. Thematic analysis of qualitative data highlighted recurring concerns about curricula that lack practical, industry-relevant content, insufficient private-sector involvement, and the urgent need for hands-on learning, digital literacy, and soft-skills integration. Sentiment was cautiously optimistic (average score 0.148), reflecting awareness of systemic shortcomings alongside belief in the potential for reform. The study concludes that sustainable education in Nigeria requires an integrated economic development approach centered on four pillars: massive investment in physical and digital infrastructure, systematic curriculum reform co-designed with industry, expanded internship, apprenticeship, and work-integrated learning opportunities, and robust monitoring and evaluation systems to ensure accountability and continuous improvement. Specific policy recommendations include mandatory industry–academia partnerships for curriculum development, incorporation of technical, digital, business, and soft skills across all levels of education, large-scale infrastructure upgrades targeting underserved regions, professional development for educators, and the establishment of a national education–employment dashboard for real-time labor-market alignment. Implementation of these measures, the framework argues, will transform education into a driver of human capital development, reduce youth unemployment, enhance productivity, and position Nigeria for inclusive and sustainable economic growth.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE(AI) LANGUAGE INSTRUCTIONAL PROCESS: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS APPROACH
This study is on Artificial intelligence (AI) language instruction process. The problem of the study is to examine the relevance of Artificial intelligence (AI) to language instructional process using critical discourse analysis approach. The findings revealed that though Artificial intelligence (AI) is a strong force in the revitalization of language instructional process due to its numerous functions, but there is still need for human interaction in (AI) powered language instruction platforms. Recommendations for the actualization of enhanced and adequate Artificial intelligence (AI) language instructional process were made and all the concepts captured in the study were critically examined.
DOLLARIZATION AND MARKET STABILIZATION IN NIGERIA: DYNAMICS ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE – TRADE SUSTAINABILITY NEXUS
International trade prevails as means to avail resources for maximum use, create market to dispense country’s surpluses, and enable consumers choose from large variety, anchoring on foreign exchange dynamics. In Nigeria, reforms had featured at different times to reinvent fundamentals, but they still leave much to be desired. As the dollar takes centre stage, this study examines dollarization and market stabilization, focusing on exchange rate and trade sustainability nexus over the period 2008-2024. The hypothesis projects that Dollar to Naira exchange rate has no significant effect on Balance of Trade (BOT) growth rate in Nigeria. The research design is ex post facto, with requisite data from the Central Bank of Nigeria official website. Descriptive and multiple regression statistics are harnessed in data analysis, aided by E-Views 10, with the process stretching to Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL). Based on p-value inference at the 0.05 level, the null hypothesis is accepted, affirming that Dollar to Naira exchange rate has no significant effect on BOT growth rate in Nigeria (p-value = 0.8041 > 0.05). The analysis concludes that the contribution of dollarization to market stabilization is not auspicious. It is yet peripheral and ephemeral as far as potency of the dynamics is concerned. The study recommends that governmental authorities should do more to strategically boost domestic production for greater competitiveness and intentionally woo the US to redirect auspicious trading engagements to the Nigerian economy. This is highly required for optimization of the dynamics to be sustainable on the domestic scene and in the global economy.
Determining the Attitudes of Biology Lecturers towards the Use of Learning Management System for Instructional Delivery in North-Eastern Nigerian Public Universities.
The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of biology lecturers towards the use of learning management system for instructional delivery in north-eastern Nigerian public universities. Survey design was adopted for the study, Stratified random sampling technique was used to classify fourteen public universities into six states and simple random sampling was used to select six public universities, one from each state in the area of the study. A questionnaire titled attitudes of biology lecturers towards the use of learning management system for instructional delivery in north-eastern Nigerian public universities (ABLTLMS) were used as instruments for data collection. The ABLTLMS was validated by three expert (Lecturers) from Science Education Department, the reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach alpha and a reliability coefficient of 0.92 was obtained. Data collected were analyzed by using mean and standard deviation and the hypotheses were tested using independent t-test where P is at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that Biology lecturers have positive attitudes towards the use of Learning Management System for instructional delivery. The study recommended that; the universities should subscribe for more Learning Management System facilities, support the biology lecturers to maintain their positive attitudes towards use of Learning Management System.
Cashless Policy, Information Technology and Performance of the Nigerian Economy
The study “cashless policy, information technology and performance of the Nigerian economy’’, considers the impact of cashless policy in relation to advancements in information and communication technology (ICT) on the overall performance (growth and development) of the Nigeria’s economy between 2010 to 2023. Cashless policy’s introduction in Nigeria was in 2012 targeted to reduce excessive cash transactions, promote electronic payment systems, enhance transparency, and improve the efficiency of financial services in the economy. Further, using secondary data from the central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and World Bank Reports, the study would employ both descriptive and econometrics analyses of ordinary least squares (OLS) to assess the relationship between cashless policy and information technology toward economic performance of Nigerian economy. Findings reveal a significant positive correlation between the adoption of cashless payment systems and economic growth, as information and communication technology (ICT) induced banking operations have enhanced transaction speed, improved electronic storage and transmission, reduced corruption, and improved government revenue collection. However, there are undisposed challenges which needed urgent policy attention such as cybercrime, poor network infrastructure, and low-interest banking public and digital illiteracy which have continued to hinder the full realization of the policy’s benefits. The study summarizes that cashless policy, when adequately structured and supported by robust ICT improved infrastructure and effective regulatory frameworks will contribute meaningfully to Nigeria’s economic growth and development. It therefore recommends among others that policymakers should strengthen cyber security measures, expand broadband access, and intensify financial literacy programs to ensure a more inclusive and technology induced economy.
information and communication technology
FOREGROUNDING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE FIGHT AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE EDUCATION
This study addresses the critical disconnect between the technological potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the human expertise required to deploy it ethically and effectively against human trafficking in Nigeria. Grounded in Socio-Technical Systems Theory and the Capabilities Approach, the research investigated the imperative of integrating AI literacy into social science education to bridge a systemic skills gap. A hybrid approach was employed, utilizing online surveys with 300 final-year social science students from six federal universities and online in-depth interviews (via Zoom) with 20 lecturers, curriculum developers, and NAPTIP officials. Findings reveal a stark curricular deficit, with 85% of students reporting no exposure to AI concepts, confirming a significant gap (H02 rejected, *p* < .001). A strong positive correlation was established between AI awareness and its perceived efficacy in disrupting trafficking networks (H01 rejected, *r*=.45, *p*<.001). Qualitatively, 95% of experts highlighted severe ethical concerns like algorithmic bias, with 85% explicitly advocating for an interdisciplinary, ethics-driven curriculum framework (H03 & H04 rejected). The study concludes that the current social science curriculum produces professionals who are ill-equipped to govern AI, perpetuating a cycle of technological failure or misuse. It is recommended that the National Universities Commission mandate an “AI, Ethics, and Society” module across social science programmes, that Colleges of Education lead in curriculum redesign, and that agencies like NAPTIP establish technology desks staffed by socially-literate graduates. This educational reform is the pivotal linchpin for harnessing AI as a tool for justice and sustainable national development. (Word Count: 235 words)
CORRUPT TAX PRACTICES: A CATALYST FOR RISING COST OF TRADING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND AN INHIBITOR OF GOVERNMENT REVENUE GENERATION
This study examines corrupt tax practices specifically unauthorized levies, bribery, and informal tax collections as catalysts for the rising cost of trading agricultural products and inhibitors of government revenue generation in Benue State, Nigeria. The objective is to investigate how illegal tax practices distort agricultural trade, increase traders’ operational costs, and weaken government capacity to mobilize internal revenue. The study was conducted in major agricultural markets and transport corridors across Benue State, including Katsina-Ala, Ukum, and Vandeikya Local Government Areas. Field findings reveal that traders and transporters face multiple illegal levies at over 130 checkpoints, imposed by security personnel, touts, and revenue officials. Market traders encounter up to twenty-nine unauthorized charges per transaction, many of which are not recognized by existing tax laws. These illegal collections inflate transaction costs by as much as 30–40%, reduce trader profitability, and discourage participation in the formal economy. Consequently, the government experiences significant revenue leakages and declining tax compliance due to loss of taxpayer trust. The study infers that corrupt tax practices not only distort market efficiency but also threaten the fiscal sustainability of Benue State and agricultural competitiveness. It recommends establishing a technology-driven tax harmonization system to eliminate multiple and illegal taxes, coupled with enhanced monitoring, enforcement, and public sensitization. The use of CCTV surveillance at checkpoints, prosecution of offenders, and automation of tax receipts are also proposed as effective strategies. Strengthening governance and accountability will restore public confidence, encourage voluntary tax compliance, and promote sustainable agricultural trade.
Assessment of Vegetation Cover Change for Security Management in Kaduna South Senatorial District, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Vegetation dynamics pose critical security challenges, as forested and bushy landscapes provide concealment for armed groups, bandits, and kidnappers, thereby undermining law enforcement and surveillance efforts. This study examines vegetation cover change in Kaduna South Senatorial District, Nigeria, between 2014 and 2024, with implications on security management as it relates to kidnapping incidences. The study pursued four objectives: to identify the spatial distribution of vegetation cover changes, analyze their temporal trends and assess the relationship between environmental dynamics and kidnapping incidences. The research integrated geospatial data and techniques-including Landsat (ETM and OLI) imagery, GIS analysis, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) - with field surveys, police kidnapping data, and community questionnaires across eight Local Government Areas (LGAs) which constitutes the Senatorial District. Results reveal notable vegetation transitions: Kidnapping Incidence analysis identified Zangon Kataf LGA (20%) and Kagarko LGA (20%) as high-risk LGAs, with kidnapping clusters occurring near roads, water bodies, and critical infrastructures. The decade-long vegetation cover analysis shows a major ecological decline with security implications. Moderate vegetation, once dominant in 2014 (53.75%), decreased by 2024 (52.92 %), while dense vegetation also decreased (-5.52%) due to ongoing degradation. Sparse vegetation briefly increased (14.85%) before declining (6.13%), indicating fragmentation of denser areas, and very sparse vegetation remained low and stable, reflecting persistently degraded landscapes. Vegetation degradation exacerbates security risks by exposing infrastructure and diminishing natural surveillance. Eco-security framework combining environmental management and proactive policing to strengthen resilience and reduce security threats in Kaduna South Senatorial District are recommended.
ASSESSMENT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL SCALE ONION MARKETERS ON RISK ATTITUDE IN SELECTED LGAs OF SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA
The study assessed the socio-economic characteristics of small scale onion marketers on risk attitude in selected LGAs of Sokoto state. The study highlights factors determine onion marketers’ risk attitude in decision-making. A three - stage sampling technique was employed to select 210 small scale onion marketers for the study, primary data were obtained using a structured questionnaire and interview schedule. While, secondary information was sourced from previous studies, journal, and other official repository. Descriptive statistics was (frequency counts, percentages and means) used to assessed the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. Tobit regression analysis was used to detemine factors influencing risk attitude of small scale onion marketers. The result shows that majority of the onion marketers had an average age of 46 years and male dominated (85.2%). Half (50.4%) of onion marketers were married, 51.4% had no formal education. Majority (54.7%) had between 6 -10 dependents. More than half of the markerters (58%) engaged in farming as a secondary occupation. The findings suggested that the entire (100%) respondents were registered members of onion marketers association, majority 83.3%, had over one decade experience. Majority of the onion marketers (79.0%) relied on radio as source of information. Also, (66.1%) of the respondents earned between, 501.000 -1,000,000.000 as annual income. Among the factors that determine the risk attitude of small scale onion marketers, the study revealed the significant variables whichinclude, years of experience in small scale onion marketing at p<0.01, major occupation at p<0.1, cooperative society at p<0.05, non-farm activities at p<0.1and the technical efficiencyatp<0.05. The findings showthat small scale onion marketers’ exhibited a high risk attitude. Also, factors that had significant impact on the risk attitude of small scale onion marketers’ are technical efficiency, allocative efficiency and economic efficiency. The study proffered that extension contact should be more frequent, in order to reduce the tendency of risk aversion level increase amongst small scale farmers.Also, Onion marketers association should put more efforts or priority in orientation of their members in adoptation of innovation necessary in reducing risk aversion attitude
FLOOD RISK MONITORING AROUND PART OF THE NIGER DELTA BASIN OF NIGERIA
Different environmental geo-hazard events on the society are seriously manifesting by the extent of flood which that influenced by climate change variables. This research is tailored on investigating the dynamics of frequently occurring natural flood disaster. Recently launch Sentinel-1 SAR satellite constellation was adopted for temporal feature extraction and extent assessments over the study area. Methodology adopted involves Binarization (Thresholding) techniques, suitable pixel intensity through Band Maths to calculate and extract water accumulation with-in the Area of Interest (AOI). Result obtained shows that, number of scenes has no influenced on the expected outcome with a gradual increase in flood geo-hazard from September, 2017 (10.49345%) to May, 2018 (12.6057%) and a slight drop in May, 2019 (11.47714%). Flood events possess a gradual progressive increase over time with that of October, 2022 as high as (12.29319%). It was observed that May, 2018 have the highest percentage of water catchments area (12.6057%) with the highest percentage of flood geo-hazard, then October, 2020 (12.29319%), then May, 2019 (11.47714%) and September, 2017 (10.49345%). Rate of water accumulation over the AOI was predicted with an extension to October, 2022. It was evident that flood event is a gradually accumulated and continuous geo-hazard event. Being a continuous phenomenon, over a period of time, it however flooded the solid part of the earth surface where most human activity such as places reserves for farming and dwelling. It could be seen that flood rate is not constant because other activities could also contribute immensely towards increasing flood geo-hazard. The recommended that study of geo-hazard events should be investigated at an interval adopting a space base approach with numerous advantages.
THE PREVALENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DIABETES AMONG THE PEOPLE OF NORTHERN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
Diabetes Miletus is an emerging pandemic disorder with very complex pathogenesis. Studies have blamed it for the annual death of about 3.8 million people worldwide. Among the risk factors for diabetes are diet, physical activity, genetics and obesity, though a number of cases have been found where the recognized risk factors are absent. Recent studies have associated Helicobacter pylori infection with diabetes, though reports are contradictory. This study therefore aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in the Northern zone of Cross River State as well as its association with diabetes Miletus. The study employed the cross-sectional survey design. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the subjects. Three Local government areas out of the five in the study area were randomly selected. In the three selected LGAs, three council wards were randomly selected by balloting. Two villages each were randomly selected in each ward; then incidental sampling technique was used to select 20 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 360 subjects formed the sample size which was determined using Slovin’s formula. The blood samples collected were taken to the lab within two hours for analysis (for H. pylori infection and blood sugar levels). Ethical approval for the study was sought and obtained from the Cross River State Ministry of Health. Informed consent was sought from the subjects and anyone who refused was excluded. The data collected were analysed using percentages, chi-square and t-test. Results revealed that H. pylori infection prevalence is 54.7 in the Northern Zone of Cross River State and strongly associates with diabetes (P<0.05). Screening and treatment of diabetes patients for H. pylori as well as adequate measures for its reduction are recommended
The Role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 13 in Taraba State Polytechnic
Climate change presents significant threats to environmental sustainability, economic stability, and human development, particularly in developing nations such as Nigeria. Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13) emphasizes the need for urgent action to combat climate change and strengthen climate resilience. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) has emerged globally as a strategic tool for equipping individuals with practical competencies, green skills, and climate literacy required to address these environmental challenges. This study examines the role of TVET in achieving SDG 13 in Taraba State Polytechnic, Taraba State, Nigeria, with emphasis on the integration of climate-responsive skills, institutional capacity, and sustainability practices within the School of Environmental Studies. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, combining descriptive survey and documentary analysis. Using Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) sample size determination, 103 respondents comprising academic staff, administrative staff, technical staff, and students were selected through stratified random sampling, and 95 completed questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed. Quantitative data were processed using descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and frequency distributions. Additionally, relevant policy documents, scholarly publications, and national climate frameworks were reviewed to support data interpretation. Results reveal that TVET programs significantly promote environmental awareness among students and staff (mean = 4.64), indicating strong institutional efforts in climate sensitization. Respondents also affirmed TVET’s potential to enhance green jobs and sustainable livelihoods (mean = 4.18) and highlighted broad public support for climate-responsive TVET initiatives (mean = 4.73). However, the study identifies moderate integration of climate change mitigation strategies into the curriculum (mean = 3.44) and limited policy support for sustainability inclusion (mean = 3.27). Funding inadequacies (mean = 2.96) emerged as a major barrier, consistent with national literature that links weak financing to poor TVET performance. The study concludes that while TVET at Taraba State Polytechnic demonstrates strong potential to contribute to SDG 13 through awareness creation and emerging green-skill initiatives, substantial reforms are required to enhance its climate-responsive capacity. Curriculum modernization, investment in renewable-energy and sustainability infrastructure, capacity building for instructors, strengthened policy alignment, and multi-stakeholder partnerships to position the polytechnic as a regional leader in climate action and green-skills development are recommended.
ENHANCING NATIONAL SECURITY IN 21ST CENTURY IN NIGERIA THROUGH EFFECTIVE FRENCH LANGUAGE EDUCATION
Language is no doubt, an essential ingredient in nationhood and education is recognized as a life-wire of every nation which involves training and instruction specifically from childhood to adulthood. One should note that any nation short of adequate education suffers much negativities ranging from insecurity, poor diplomatic relations, dwindling economy, among others. It is said that if you are not informed you are deformed. For any nation to move forward is highly dependent on language policies. Communication is very important in human existence and this communication can only be passed through a language which is the medium of communication. Owing to the fact that Nigeria is surrounded by French-speaking countries and French being an international language, the second most frequently spoken language globally is a pointer to valuing French in Nigeria. Today French is widely used for government, economics and diplomacy hence, speaking and understanding only English language in Nigeria is no longer adequate in addressing the communication problem of Nigerians in a world that has virtually turned into a global village. Inadequate communication in French language puts Nigerians in fear of insecurity before their foreign counterparts. On this note then, there is every need for the National Policy on Education to be reviewed to make the teaching and learning of French language in Nigerian schools compulsory at all levels of her educational system. When a good number of Nigerian citizens are able to speak and understand French language there will be no more communication barrier and insecurity will not be there any longer. The paper therefore examines how French language education for all Nigerians can enhance national security in the 21st century. Suggestions are made for effective French education in Nigeria followed by conclusion.
SUSTAINABLE COCOA FARMING: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES IN ENHANCING YIELDS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
Cocoa farming remains central to Nigeria’s agricultural exports, yet yields in Southwest Nigeria have declined due to climate variability, soil degradation, and unsustainable practices. This study explores the role of climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices in enhancing cocoa yields and promoting sustainability. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining survey data from 400 cocoa farmers across Ondo, Osun, Ogun, Ekiti, and Oyo States with 20 key informant interviews. A structured questionnaire measured adoption of CSA practices, yield outcomes, and adoption constraints, while interviews provided contextual insights. Descriptive statistics, a CSA adoption index, regression, and ANOVA were applied to the quantitative data, and thematic content analysis was used for qualitative narratives. Results showed high adoption of agroforestry (72%) and organic amendments (65%), but low adoption of irrigation (27%) and soil/water conservation (43%). Regression analysis confirmed that CSA adoption significantly improved yields (β = 0.391, p < 0.001), alongside farm size, credit access, and education, while tree age reduced productivity. ANOVA revealed significant yield differences across states (p = 0.003), with Ondo outperforming Ekiti and Ogun. Major constraints included input costs, limited credit, and weak extension support. Scaling CSA adoption requires policy support through subsidies, affordable credit schemes, stronger extension services, and targeted state-level interventions to address regional disparities.
ASSESSMENT OF HOT PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) INTERCROPPING FOR ENHANCING THE GROWTH, YIELD AND INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.)
Intercropping hot pepper with soybean offers several benefits including increased land use efficiency, enhanced pest and disease control through plant-plant interactions, and potential yield improvements for both crops when managed optimally. This study investigated the effects of intercropping soybean and hot pepper on growth parameters, insect pest population, and grain yield of soybeans in southwestern Nigeria. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2022 cropping season at YABATECH Teaching and Research Farm. A trial of 12 experimental plots with 60 ridges was arranged as alternate, strip, border, and sole cropping. The results showed that alternate intercropping significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved soybean growth, yield (12.52±5.01), and reduction in insect infestation (3.56±0.11) compared to other intercropping patterns and sole cropping (0.09±0.01; 6.34±0.11). This adaptable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective technology is highly recommended for small-scale farmers in Nigeria, who produce the majority of soybean and hot pepper crops. The findings also provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of intercropping soybean and hot pepper to include sustainable insect pest management and improved crop productivity among others.
EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORMS ON SERVICE DELIVERY IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA: A POLICY IMPACT ASSESSMENT
This research assesses the impact of local government reforms on the delivery of services in Southwest Nigeria by examining policy outcomes, stakeholder perception, and challenges of implementation. Mixed-methods research framed the study by bringing together quantitative surveys (n = 400, calculated through Yamane's formula) and qualitative interviews within twelve purposively sampled Lagos State's and Oyo/Ogun/Osun/Ondo/Ekiti States' chosen Local Government Areas (LGAs) to gain an in-depth perspective. A questionnaire on the Likert scale of 4 captured staff and citizen perception, and interviews among policymakers, civil society leaders, and citizens unearthed contextual information. Quantitative data analysis occurred through descriptive and inferential statistical measures (SPSS), and the qualitative evidence underwent thematic analysis. Modest gains occurred within healthcare and sanitation delivery and deterioration within education and accountability reforms. Regression analysis established fiscal decentralization (β = .325, p < .01) and administrative restructuring (β = .241, p < .01) to enhance improved service delivery with citizen participation reforms also significant. Main challenges remain the lack of funding among other political interferences and institutional incapacity along with low involvement among citizens. Furthermore, the perception on reforms is more positive among policymakers and staff compared to citizens to indicate the perception gap between institutional agents and users. Recommendations emanate to enhance fiscal autonomy and digital accountability platforms with increased voice on governance through the voice among the partnership between civil society and private sector actors aimed at closing the capacity and the resource gap. This research yields the policy impact study aggregating statistical outcomes with the experience among the various stakeholders to submit evidence-informing recommendations to ensure the convergence between the local government reforms and the delivery of services to citizens within the Niger delta region and other developing democracies.
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CEREAL PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA
Climatic elements are important inputs in agricultural production in developing countries, implying that most of the staple food produced is from climate-dependent agricultural practices. This study investigated the effects of climate change on cereal production in Nigeria. The annual secondary data used was from 1985 to 2022. Deterministic trend analysis, Augmented Dickey Fuller Test, Johansen Co-Integration Test, and Augmented Regressive Distributive Lag Model. The result shows that there was evidence of a trend in the average annual rainfall (β=7.36; p=0.00), average annual temperature (0.03; p= 0.00), annual CO2 emission (β=2.02; p= 0.00), and annual cereal production (β=381098; p=0.00) in Nigeria. In the long run, previous value of temperature (β= 3826547; p=0.00) and land under cereal production (β=1.325; P=0.00) have a positive effect on cereal production, while previous value of rainfall (β=-23987.60; p=0.00) and population growth rate (β=-1.2E7; p=0.00) have a negative effect on cereal production in Nigeria. In the short run, the previous value of rainfall (β=8815.253; p=0.00) has positive effect on cereal production, while the current value of rainfall (β=-6270.92; p=0.00) and, previous value of temperature (β=-1218286; p=0.04) have a negative effect on cereal production. It was also confirmed that there was no significant relationship between CO2 emissions and cereal production. Thus, cereal production is susceptible to climate change, that both the previous and the current weather elements. To reduce these effects, this study recommends that innovative and sustainable farming, which requires less use of resources, prevents land degradation, supports climate resilience, and ultimately improves productivity and productivity should be encouraged.
Augmented Regressive Distributive Lag Model
EFFECTIVENESS OF PERCEIVED USEFULNESS OF SOLAR-POWERED COLD STORAGE SYSTEMS FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE PRESERVATION IN REMOTE AREAS OF SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
This research assesses the performance of solar-powered cold storage systems (SPCSS) for agricultural produce preservation among smallholder farmers and traders in the remote region of Southwest Nigeria, highlighting perceived usefulness in influencing adoption and effectiveness. Using mixed-methods research, the study combined survey research among 400 smallholder farmers and traders with 20 key informant interviews involving operators, cooperative leaders, and agricultural extension officers. Awareness, adoption, perceived usefulness, and challenges were respectively captured with structured survey questionnaire on the Likert scale using the 4-point rating scale. Semi-structured interviews investigated contextual understandings. Quantitative data were examined using descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and ANOVA on SPSS v.26 and thematic content analysis on qualitative data. Results indicate that SPCSS are perceived extensively to be useful in minimizing spoilage, extending shelf life, and maximizing the income received by farmers. Regression analysis validated the finding that these perceived usefulness indicators strongly predict adoption and effectiveness (R² = 0.48, p < 0.001), and further confirmed affordability and maintenance challenges to negatively affect effectiveness. ANOVA results on perception also highlighted significant perception variations among the various stakeholder groupings wherein operators and leaders of cooperatives are more upbeat compared to farmers and traders. Results concur with more recent research undertaken on the continent and on the Asian continent on the potential of SPCSS to emphasize more the financial and institutional hurdles to sustained utilizations. Recommendations include innovative models to finance SPCSS and capacity building initiatives to cover inclusive governance structure and integration with agricultural and renewable energy policies to enhance increased adoption and long-term sustainability.
CULTURAL NORMS AND GENDER PARTICIPATION IN DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES: A SOCIO-ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY OF YORUBA COMMUNITIES IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
This study probes into the influence of cultural norms in determining gender participation in decision-making among Yoruba communities of Southwest Nigeria showing that while Patriarchal authority remains entrenched, there are already tendencies towards inclusivity. Under a socio-anthropological framework, the study employed qualitative methodology using in-depth interview, key informant interview and participant observation to gather data within six Yoruba-speaking states. A purposive sample of 60 participants ranging from chiefs, to elders, women leaders and youth representatives and religious leaders was involved. The transcription, translation and thematic analysis were done manually as well as through NVivo software, triangulated with secondary sources like oral histories and data from archives. The findings show decision-making to be overwhelmingly patriarchal, excluding women from formal structures of authority and into symbolic roles like the Iyalode. These exclusions are also given religious, cultural backing, and validated through prescriptions which rationalise male predominance in homes and panchayats. And yet, women are active in markets, religious sects, and groups of like-minded citizens, while educated younger women more and more push against the constraints. Emerging trends spurred by education, migration and globalization indicate that Yoruba cultural practices are moving toward more gender-inclusive participation, Oguntoye said. The study suggests policy direction by enforcing gender inclusion in governance, revitalizing female leadership institutions, utilization of more education and leadership training for women, development enhanced platforms through NGOs and associations as wells ample religious interpretation that could reduce exclusion. Utilizing ethnographic evidence and gender theory as heuristic guide, the paper provides new socio-anthropological understanding of how the tripartite culture, gender and governance intermingle to inform African cultural practices.
CHALLENGES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN CLASSROOM TEACHING AND LEARNING AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ AND STUDENTS’ IN NIGERIA
Effective communication is a vital component of successful teaching and learning processes in secondary schools. It serves as the foundation for transmitting knowledge, fostering understanding, and promoting active participation between teachers and students. However, in Nigeria, several challenges hinder effective communication in classroom teaching and learning. This study examines the key barriers that secondary school teachers and students encounter in achieving meaningful communication. Specifically, it highlights issues such as language differences, large class sizes, inadequate teacher training, poor instructional materials, cultural and socio-economic factors and the influence of technology and distractions. The research adopts a qualitative approach to assess how these factors impact the teaching-learning process and the overall academic performance of students. This study therefore discusses the concepts of communication, effective communication, classroom teaching, classroom learning and challenges of effective communication in Nigerian secondary schools with the application of Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication theory. The study concludes that overcoming these challenges requires deliberate strategies such as teacher capacity-building, improved classroom management techniques, integration of modern teaching aids, and fostering interactive teacher-student relationships. The research suggests that policymakers, educators and stakeholders in Nigeria’s education sector should prioritize communication skills development in teacher training programmes and create supportive environments that enhance interaction in classrooms.
ASSESSMENT OF EXTENSION PROGRAMMES AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN SULEJA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
The study assessed the cassava farmer’s participation in extension programs and technology adoption in Suleja Local Government Area of Niger state, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedures and purposive selection were used to select the sample size of 80 respondents. The data for the study was collected using a structured questionnaire while the analysis was done using frequencies, percentages and means. The finding from the study shows that 93.8% of the respondents were male, with mean age of 45years and 45% of the respondents were married with a mean household size of 7 persons. About 98.1% of the respondents had formal education. The mean farm size was 4 hectares and the mean income was ₦448,725:00K. The result also revealed that 93.8% of the respondents were aware of the cassava technology adoption for 3 years. The result further revealed that majority (47.6%) of the cassava farmers in the study area were informed of the new technology by their friends. Furthermore, majority (46.0%) of the respondents adopts the new innovation of using knapsack sprayers. About 68.8% of the respondents had extension agent visits and 56.2% participated in extension programmes. The farmers’ perceived effects towards cassava technology showed that the adoption of improved cassava production practices is only used by the rich farmers (π = 2.99) ranked first followed by inputs for cassava production are not readily available (π = 2.97). The constraints to adoption of cassava technology in the study area include Lack of capital, Lack of information and climatic condition. Farmers should be encouraged to form cooperative societies to make fund and information available and extension service stations should be established for effective extension delivery programme were offered as recommendations.
CULTURE AND CARE: HOW TRADITIONAL PRACTICES SHAPE MATERNAL HEALTH OUTCOMES IN NIGERIA
Across many Nigerian communities, cultural beliefs and traditional practices continue to play a vital role in shaping women’s experiences of pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. This study investigates how these cultural norms influence maternal health outcomes, especially in terms of healthcare-seeking behavior, access to skilled care, and the utilization of prenatal and postnatal services. It explores women’s knowledge and perceptions of pregnancy and childbirth, their awareness and use of skilled maternal healthcare, and the household practices that influence care decisions. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 399 participants through surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.0, while qualitative data were examined through thematic content analysis. Findings show that although many women are aware of the benefits of skilled maternal care, cultural norms, family expectations, and longstanding traditions still influence their decisions during pregnancy and after childbirth. The study underscores the need for healthcare interventions that respect cultural values while promoting evidence-based maternal care to reduce preventable complications and improve outcomes for mothers and babies in Nigeria.
Assessment of the Patterns of Respiratory Conditions Across Selected Health Institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria
Respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally, with urban and industrialized settings like Lagos State, Nigeria, being particularly vulnerable due to high levels of air pollution, overcrowding, and inequitable access to healthcare. Despite the growing burden, comprehensive data on institutional patterns of respiratory conditions across Lagos remains sparse, limiting effective public health response. This study assessed patterns of respiratory conditions using hospital-based records from selected general hospitals, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), and Primary Healthcare Centers (PHCs) across Lagos from 2016 to 2021. Monthly respiratory symptom and disease were collected from hospitals and supplemented by structured questionnaires administered to residents in proximity to industrial estates. Data analysis involved mapping of respiratory cases across the industrial locations and descriptive statistics. A total of 82,481 cases were recorded in PHCs from 2016 to 2021, with asthma (40,909) and pneumonia (41,572) dominating. Higher counts were recorded during the dry season across all facilities. Ikorodu General Hospital reported 22,177 cases, with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI) accounting for over 50%. LASUTH recorded 521 severe cases, with pulmonary tuberculosis and COPD being most common. Under-5 children were the most affected group, primarily due to physiological vulnerability and indoor air pollution. The study revealed a significant burden of respiratory diseases in Lagos State, with distinct spatial and seasonal patterns linked to environmental pollution and socioeconomic disparities. Dry seasons and proximity to industrial estates were associated with increased respiratory morbidity. Data gaps, disparities in healthcare infrastructure, and lack of standardized record-keeping were critical limitations in effectively addressing respiratory health disparities across the industrial locations. Strengthen and harmonize health data systems across institutions to allow for real-time surveillance of respiratory conditions, air quality monitoring and control policies in high-risk industrial areas and prioritize healthcare infrastructure development in under-resourced PHCs and secondary hospitals are recommended.